Indicadores de aprendizaje organizacional en grupos de investigación universitaria / Organizational learning indicators in university research groups

Una preocupación de las instituciones universitarias que asignan recursos para la investigación es cómo medir su resultado, más allá de los productos académicos. El presente trabajo propone el aprendizaje organizacional como un resultado importante del proceso investigativo. A partir de los resultados de la investigación, se proponen indicadores e índices para medir el proceso de aprendizaje y las condiciones facilitadoras de grupos de investigación. El trabajo fue realizado con investigadores de los grupos adscritos al Sistema de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Cauca, en Colombia.

One concern of universities that allocate research resources is how to measure their results beyond academic products. This paper proposes organizational learning as one important result of the research process. From research results, it is proposed that indicators and indexes can measure the learning process and facilitator conditions in research groups. The work was carried out with researchers of groups that are part of the Research System of the University of Cauca, in Colombia.

Ansiedad dimensional: Un análisis desde la teoría clásica del formulario autodiligenciado de Zung / Dimensional anxiety: An analysis from the classical theory of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale

Introducción: A pesar del uso extendido del formulario de Zung para ansiedad no se encontraron artículos sobre la invarianza de la prueba. Objetivo: Establecer la invarianza por género del formulario para ansiedad autodiligenciado de Zung desde la Teoría Clásica. Métodos: Muestra no aleaotoria de 336 mujeres y 205 hombres estudiantes de varias universidades colombianas que diligenciaron el formulario. El análisis se realizo con análisis confimatorio de factores. Se investigó la invarianza dimensional, de configuración y métrica. Resultados: Se encontró que las invarianzas dimensional y de configuración se cumplen al demostrarse que el constructo es unidimensional en los 2 géneros, seleccionando los modelos con el Criterio de información Bayesiano y que la carga de los ítems es en general alta. No así la invarianza métrica para la cual debieron eliminarse 9 ítems para lograr invarianza en las cargas. Conclusión: El formulario de Zung presenta invarianzas dimensional, de configuración y métrica con 11 ítems. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166.

Introduction: There is not a published report of the invariance of anxiety Zung test, although is widely used. Objective: To stablish gender invariance of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale using Classical Test Theory. Methods: A non random sample of 336 women and 205 men students from several colombian universities that answered the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Dimensional, configurational and metric invariance were investigated. Results: Dimensional and configurational invariance are met because for both genders theres is one dimension, using Bayesian Information Crietria as the model selection strategy, and the loadings are generally high. The metric invariance was obtained after deleting 9 items. Conclusion: Eleven items of The Zung self-rating anxiety scale show dimensional, configurational and metric invariance. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166.

Clinical variables related with in-stent restenosis late regression after bare metal coronary stenting

In-stent restenosis (ISR) has an incidence between 20% and 30% using bare metal stents. ISR late regression phenomenon (ISRLR) has been previously described, but clinical variables related with this phenomenon remain unclear. The aim of the study was to identify the variables related with ISRLR. METHODS: We identified from our data base 30 patients between November 1995 and September 2002 that fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Documented ISR at follow-up angiography (CA-1); 2) treated medically; and 3) Referred for a second follow-up angiography (CA-2). at least 3 months after CA-1. ISRLR was defined as a > 0.2 mm increase in MLD between CA-1 and CA-2, calculated as the 2-fold of our inter-observer variability. ISR late progression was defined as a > 0.2 mm decrease in minimum lumen diameter (MLD) between CA-1 and CA-2. RESULTS: At the time of CA-2 only 2 patients (6.7%) had symptoms related with the previously stented vessel. We found a mean MLD of 1.03+/-0.34 mm and 1.54+/-0.48 mm at CA-1 and CA-2 respectively (AMLD = 0.51 +/-0.34 mm; p < 0.001). Twenty four patients (80.0%) had ISRLR. Two variables were related to the presence or absence ISRLR: Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting (70.8% vs 20.0% respectively, p = 0.026) and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting (and 83.5% vs 40.0% respectively, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: ISRLR is a frequent phenomenon in patients with ISR treated medically, probably contributing to the benign long-term clinical outcome that has been previously described in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ISR. Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting are associated with this phenomenon.

Habitat disturbance and small mammal richness and diversity in an Atlantic rainforest area in southeastern Brazil

Since disturbance is an important ecological factor affecting species diversity in natural environments, the increasing human occupation rate in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, which supports about 50 percent of Brazil's human population, has resulted in intense habitat degradation and fragmentation. Within this rainforest, animal and plant species have been lost at a high rate, and biological and diversity is presently vulnerable. Various animals community studies along a gradient of environmental disturbances have shown that the highest species diversities occur in habitats with intermediate levels of disturbance frequency and intensity. In the present study, which was carried out in the Atlantic forest of Ilha Grande (23° 11' S and 44° 12' W), an island located on the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, we estimated species richness, diversity, and abundance of small mammals in three forest areas having different disturbance levels. This was done, in each of these areas and in an anthropic area that they surround, by establishing trails 200 m long, in which points were marked at 20 m intervals. The work involved a total effort of 4800 trap/nights. We also measured some habitat variables at each site in order to evaluated their disturbance levels. Our data showed that the two most conserved forests had the lower species richness and small mammal diversity, while in the anthropic area wild species were absent. The forest with an intermediary level of disturbance showed higher values for species richness and diversity, with the anthropic area presenting the highest disturbance level.

Os distúrbios são importantes fatores ecológicos afetando a diversidade de espécies em ambientes naturais. Na Floresta Atlântica vive cerca de 50 por cento da população humana do Brasil. A crescente ocupação humana neste ecossistema, resultou em uma intensa degradação e fragmentação do hábitat, tornando vulnerável a sua diversidade biológica e ocasionando uma alta taxa de perda de espécies animais e vegetais. Alguns estudos de comunidades têm demonstrado que ao longo de um gradiente de perturbação ambiental, os maiores valores de diversidade de espécies são encontrados em hábitats com níveis intermediários de frequência e de intensidade de distúrbios. No presente estudo, nós estimamos a riqueza, diversidade e abundância de espécies de pequenos mamíferos em três áreas de Mata Atlântica com diferentes níveis de distúrbio. O estudo foi conduzido na Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande (23° 11' S e 44° 12' W), uma ilha localizada no Sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Em cada uma das três áreas de florestas e em uma área antrópica rodeada por estas florestas, nós estabelecemos 10 trilhas paralelas com 200 metros de comprimento (com pontos a cada 20 m de intervalo e pontos adicionais acima do solo), num esforço total de 4800 armadilhas/noite. Nós também medimos algumas variáveis estruturais do hábitat para avaliar o nível de distúrbio em cada área. Nossos dados mostraram que as duas florestas mais conservadas tiveram os mais baixos valores de riqueza e diversidade de espécies e que na área antrópica ocorreu uma perda quase total de espécies silvestres. A floresta com nível intermediário de distúrbio teve os maiores valores de riqueza e diversidade de espécies, considerando a área antrópica como um hábitat sob alto grau de distúrbio.

Effects of emotional reactivity on inhibitory avoidance in the elevated T-maze

The possibility of the presence of inter-individual emotional differences and the memory performance of rats was examined in the elevated T-maze. Two kinds of aversively motivated behaviors, inhibitory avoidance and escape learning, were measured. Based on the number of trials to achieve a learning criterion, rats were divided into two subgroups with either low or high avoidance reactivity (LAR or HAR, respectively). Retention test avoidance latencies showed that HAR animals had better avoidance memory (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, P = 0.0035). No such differences were found for the escape component of this test. These data suggest that individual emotional differences affect inhibitory avoidance performance, which may help to explain the dispersion of the data observed in other studies using this paradigm